Package leaflet · Information for the musician · Scale

D Major Scale

Bright, stable and resolved: the reference sound of Western music. Its half steps between degrees 3–4 and 7–8 give it a strong pull back to the tonic.

7 notes
2 ♯
diatonic

1Composition: what it contains

D – E – F♯ – G – A – B – C♯

Formula: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Steps: W – W – H – W – W – W – H
Number of notes: 7
Sharps and flats: 2 ♯
Also called: Ionian mode, diatonic major scale

Degree	Note	Interval	Semitones	Function
1	D	unison	0	tonic
2	E	major second	2	supertonic
3	F♯	major third	4	mediant
4	G	perfect fourth	5	subdominant
5	A	perfect fifth	7	dominant
6	B	major sixth	9	submediant
7	C♯	major seventh	11	leading tone

2Appearance: diagrams and sound

Treble clef

Bass clef

Piano keyboard

Guitar (standard tuning E A D G B E)

Bass guitar (E A D G)

Ukulele (G C E A)

Tip: click any note, key or fret to hear it. Orange = root.

3Indications: what it is used for

The foundation of pop, rock, country, folk, classical and most children's songs. Play it over major-key progressions such as I–IV–V, I–V–vi–IV and I–vi–ii–V, and over a major or major seventh chord on the tonic. Every other scale and mode is usually described as an alteration of this one, and chords, key signatures and interval names are all measured against it. Use it for melodies, harmony lines in thirds or sixths, bass lines that walk diatonically, and as the parent scale for the seven modes.

4Dosage: how to practise it

Ten minutes a day. Start at 60 BPM in quarter notes, two octaves up and down, then move to eighth notes and raise the metronome by 4 BPM once it feels clean. Practise sequences: groups of three (1-2-3, 2-3-4...), groups of four, and diatonic thirds (1-3, 2-4, 3-5...). On guitar, learn it in five CAGED positions or the three-notes-per-string system and connect them along the neck. On piano, use the standard fingering with the thumb passing under after the third or fourth finger, hands separately first, then together in parallel octaves.

5Warnings and common mistakes

Do not confuse the scale with its key signature: the scale is the order of notes, the key is the tonal centre. Beginners often rush the half steps and play a flat or sharp in the wrong place when changing roots, so spell the scale by its formula (whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half). The fourth degree clashes with the major third of the tonic chord when held over it, so treat it as a passing note on strong beats. Starting the same notes from the sixth degree gives the relative minor, not a new major scale.

6Interactions with chords, scales and keys

Chords of the scale (triads)

Degree	Chord	Notes
I	D	D – F♯ – A
ii	Em	E – G – B
iii	F♯m	F♯ – A – C♯
IV	G	G – B – D
V	A	A – C♯ – E
vi	Bm	B – D – F♯
vii°	C♯dim	C♯ – E – G

Chords of the scale (seventh chords)

Degree	Chord	Notes
Imaj7	Dmaj7	D – F♯ – A – C♯
ii7	Em7	E – G – B – D
iii7	F♯m7	F♯ – A – C♯ – E
IVmaj7	Gmaj7	G – B – D – F♯
V7	A7	A – C♯ – E – G
vi7	Bm7	B – D – F♯ – A
viiø7	C♯m7♭5	C♯ – E – G – B

Same notes, different starting point

Key of D Major

Read this leaflet carefully before playing. Keep it near your instrument. Free to use, print and share for personal and educational use.

D Major Scale

1Composition: what it contains

2Appearance: diagrams and sound

3Indications: what it is used for

4Dosage: how to practise it

5Warnings and common mistakes

6Interactions with chords, scales and keys

Chords of the scale (triads)

Chords of the scale (seventh chords)

Same notes, different starting point

7Other presentations available

The same scale from every note

Other scales from the same note