Intervals Chart
| Semitones | Abbreviation | Interval | Example from C | Inversion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | P1 | perfect unison | C–C | perfect octave |
| 1 | m2 | minor second | C–D♭ | major seventh |
| 2 | M2 | major second | C–D | minor seventh |
| 3 | m3 | minor third | C–E♭ | major sixth |
| 4 | M3 | major third | C–E | minor sixth |
| 5 | P4 | perfect fourth | C–F | perfect fifth |
| 6 | TT | tritone | C–F♯ | tritone |
| 7 | P5 | perfect fifth | C–G | perfect fourth |
| 8 | m6 | minor sixth | C–A♭ | major third |
| 9 | M6 | major sixth | C–A | minor third |
| 10 | m7 | minor seventh | C–B♭ | major second |
| 11 | M7 | major seventh | C–B | minor second |
| 12 | P8 | perfect octave | C–C | perfect unison |
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What it is
A reference chart of all simple intervals, from unison to octave. For each interval it shows the full name, the short name (m3, P5...), the number of semitones, an example from C on the staff and on a keyboard, and its inversion.
How to use it
- Print at 100% and keep it in your theory folder or next to the piano.
- Use it while working on the intervals worksheets, then try without it.
- Pair each written interval with its sound in the ear trainer.
Key facts on the chart
| Interval | Semitones | Inversion |
|---|---|---|
| m2 / M2 | 1 / 2 | M7 / m7 |
| m3 / M3 | 3 / 4 | M6 / m6 |
| P4 / P5 | 5 / 7 | P5 / P4 |
| Tritone | 6 | Tritone |
- Inverted intervals add up to 9 (a 3rd becomes a 6th).
- Major becomes minor, minor becomes major, perfect stays perfect.
Related
Read the intervals lesson and browse all intervals with audio, for example the perfect fifth.